The practice of istighfar
وَأَنِ اسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ
And seek forgiveness of your Lord.

Istighfar, and the meaning of astaghfirullah.

The meaning of astaghfirullah, its virtues in the Qur’an and Sunnah, how many times a day to say it, and Sayyid al-Istighfar — with a free, private counter to keep your place.

What is istighfar?

Istighfar is the act of asking Allah for forgiveness. The word comes from the Arabic root gh–f–r, which means to cover or conceal, so to seek forgiveness is to ask that a fault be covered over. Its everyday form is the phrase astaghfirullah — “I seek forgiveness from Allah.”

Istighfar belongs to the wider practice of dhikr, the remembrance of Allah, but it has a particular shape. Dhikr can be praise, or thanks, or a declaration of what is true. Istighfar is a request, and what is requested is that Allah cover a fault and forgive it.

It is not reserved for great sins or for moments of crisis. The narrations describe it as something the Prophet ﷺ did through an ordinary day, and in large numbers.

By Allah! I ask for forgiveness from Allah and turn to Him in repentance more than seventy times a day.
Abū Hurayra · Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 6307

What that establishes is frequency and ordinariness: istighfar as a habit of speech rather than an emergency measure. The word is also flexible in length — it can be a single phrase, or the long supplication the Prophet ﷺ called sayyid al-istighfār. All of it is istighfar. The sections below take the word, the forms, the numbers, and the times in turn.

The word itself

Arabic builds most of its vocabulary from three-letter roots, and istighfar is a clear case. The root is gh–f–r (غ‑ف‑ر), and its basic sense is covering. A mighfar is a helmet — the thing that covers the head. From the same root comes maghfira, forgiveness: not so much the erasure of a fault as the covering of it, so that it no longer exposes the one who committed it.

That root is then set in a pattern, and Arabic patterns carry meaning of their own. The pattern here is istafʿala, which turns a root into a request for the thing the root names. Put gh–f–r into istafʿala and you get istaghfara: to ask for covering, to seek forgiveness. Its verbal noun is istighfār, and its first-person present is astaghfiru — “I seek forgiveness.” Name the One being asked and the everyday phrase is complete: astaghfirullāh.

The anatomy of astaghfirullahA diagram of the phrase أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللهَ. It separates into three parts, read right to left: the pattern istaf‘ala, which turns a root into a request; the three-letter root gh–f–r, meaning to cover, to shield, to forgive; and the word Allah, the One being asked.أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللهَاسْتَ‑the patternistaf‘ala — to seek or ask for a thingغ ف رthe rootgh–f–r — to cover, to shield, to forgiveاللّٰهthe One askedAllahastaghfirullah — “I seek forgiveness from Allah”
The anatomy of astaghfirullah

Two things follow from the shape of the word. First, istighfar is grammatically a request rather than a statement: saying it is asking, not announcing. Second, because the root means covering rather than deleting, what is asked for is not that the past be rewritten but that it be veiled by the only One entitled to veil it. The Qur’an states that second point directly, in the middle of a verse describing people who seek forgiveness:

وَٱلَّذِينَ إِذَا فَعَلُوا۟ فَـٰحِشَةً أَوْ ظَلَمُوٓا۟ أَنفُسَهُمْ ذَكَرُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ فَٱسْتَغْفَرُوا۟ لِذُنُوبِهِمْ وَمَن يَغْفِرُ ٱلذُّنُوبَ إِلَّا ٱللَّهُ
And those who, when they commit an immorality or wrong themselves, remember Allāh and seek forgiveness for their sins — and who can forgive sins except Allāh?
Qur’an — Sūrat Āl ʿImrān 3:135

The verse is worth reading for what it does and does not say. It describes the people — they remember Allah, they ask, and they do not persist knowingly — and it asserts that no one forgives sins but Allah. It attaches no reward of its own; that comes in the verse after it.

The forms of istighfar

The app’s library keeps six formulas. Each has its own page with the full text, transliteration, meaning and source; what follows is what distinguishes them from one another.

أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللهَ الْعَظِيمَ
Astaghfirullah al-Azim
The plain phrase with one addition: al-ʿAẓīm, “the Magnificent,” naming Allah by His greatness as the request is made. It is the shortest of the astaghfirullah family that still carries an attribute of the One asked.
Full text & meaning
أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللهَ وَأَتُوبُ إِلَيْهِ
Astaghfirullah wa atubu ilayh
Here the asking is joined to the turning: wa atūbu ilayh, “and I repent to Him.” It is the pairing the Qur’an itself uses — seek forgiveness, then repent — held in a single breath.
Full text & meaning
أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ الْعَظِيمَ وَأَتُوبُ إِلَيْهِ
Astaghfirullah al-Azim wa atubu ilayh
The fuller daily form, carrying both the attribute and the repentance clause: “I seek forgiveness from Allah the Magnificent, and I repent to Him.” Longer on the tongue, and the one many people settle on for a daily count.
Full text & meaning
رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي
Rabbighfirli
Three words, and the only one of the six in the vocative: “My Lord, forgive me.” It drops the description entirely and addresses Allah directly, with the same gh–f–r root in the imperative.
Full text & meaning
اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ
Allahumma salli ‘ala Muhammad wa ‘ala ali Muhammad
Strictly this is salawat rather than istighfar — asking Allah to bless the Prophet ﷺ and his family. It sits in the same library because it is the other phrase a counter is most often kept for, and the app’s library marks it as especially beloved on Friday.
Full text & meaning

The sixth is the longest, and the only one the Prophet ﷺ gave a name of its own.

سَيِّدُ الِاسْتِغْفَار
Sayyid al-Istighfar
Sayyid al-Istighfār — “the master of seeking forgiveness.” It is an address before it is a request: it affirms Allah as Lord and the one praying as His servant, acknowledges the covenant, admits the fault, and only then asks. Narrated by Shaddād ibn Aws.
Full text & meaning
If somebody recites it during the day with firm faith in it, and dies on the same day before the evening, he will be from the people of Paradise; and if somebody recites it at night with firm faith in it, and dies before the morning, he will be from the people of Paradise.
Shaddād ibn Aws · Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 6306

That is the whole of what the narration promises, and this page does not extend it. The full text is on its own page, taken verbatim from the app’s library.

How many times a day?

Two narrations give numbers, and they give different ones. Abū Hurayra’s report, quoted above, puts it at more than seventy times a day (Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 6307). Al-Agharr al-Muzanī reports a different wording, with a different figure:

There is (at times) some sort of shade upon my heart, and I seek forgiveness from Allah a hundred times a day.
al-Agharr al-Muzanī · Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 2702a

Muslim places that narration in a chapter titled “It is recommended to pray for forgiveness a great deal,” which is a fair summary of what both reports establish together. Neither states an upper limit, and no source ranks one figure above the other. A hundred is the number people most often adopt as a daily target, because it is the round one and it is the one stated in Muslim.

The figure matters less than the habit it protects. A number is a way of making sure the practice happens at all, which is the only reason a counter is useful: it holds the count so attention can stay on the words.

Istighfar in the Qur’an

The Qur’an returns to istighfar often, and — this is the striking part — it repeatedly attaches worldly consequences to it, not only forgiveness. The clearest passage is Nūḥ’s call to his people.

فَقُلْتُ ٱسْتَغْفِرُوا۟ رَبَّكُمْ إِنَّهُۥ كَانَ غَفَّارًا • يُرْسِلِ ٱلسَّمَآءَ عَلَيْكُم مِّدْرَارًا • وَيُمْدِدْكُم بِأَمْوَٰلٍ وَبَنِينَ وَيَجْعَل لَّكُمْ جَنَّـٰتٍ وَيَجْعَل لَّكُمْ أَنْهَـٰرًا
And said, “Ask forgiveness of your Lord. Indeed, He is ever a Perpetual Forgiver. He will send [rain from] the sky upon you in [continuing] showers and give you increase in wealth and children and provide for you gardens and provide for you rivers.”
Qur’an — Sūrat Nūḥ 71:10–12

In Sūrat Nūḥ, seeking forgiveness is linked to rain in continuing showers, to increase in wealth and in children, and to gardens and rivers. Those four are what the passage names; it names nothing else. The prophet Hūd makes a similar call to his own people, and the outcomes named there are rain and strength:

وَيَـٰقَوْمِ ٱسْتَغْفِرُوا۟ رَبَّكُمْ ثُمَّ تُوبُوٓا۟ إِلَيْهِ يُرْسِلِ ٱلسَّمَآءَ عَلَيْكُم مِّدْرَارًا وَيَزِدْكُمْ قُوَّةً إِلَىٰ قُوَّتِكُمْ
And O my people, ask forgiveness of your Lord and then repent to Him. He will send [rain from] the sky upon you in showers and increase you in strength [added] to your strength.
Qur’an — Sūrat Hūd 11:52

The same sūrah opens with the pairing put as a command, and attaches to it a good provision for an appointed term:

وَأَنِ ٱسْتَغْفِرُوا۟ رَبَّكُمْ ثُمَّ تُوبُوٓا۟ إِلَيْهِ يُمَتِّعْكُم مَّتَـٰعًا حَسَنًا إِلَىٰٓ أَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى
And [saying], “Seek forgiveness of your Lord and repent to Him, [and] He will let you enjoy a good provision for a specified term and give every doer of favor his favor.”
Qur’an — Sūrat Hūd 11:3

And in Sūrat al-Anfāl the link runs the other way — not a benefit granted but a punishment withheld:

وَمَا كَانَ ٱللَّهُ مُعَذِّبَهُمْ وَهُمْ يَسْتَغْفِرُونَ
And Allāh would not punish them while they seek forgiveness.
Qur’an — Sūrat al-Anfāl 8:33

Read together these verses do something specific: they tie istighfar to the ordinary conditions of a life — water, provision, offspring, strength, safety — rather than to the next world alone. What they do not do is offer a checklist. Each outcome belongs to the verse that names it, in the context that verse describes, which is why this page attributes each one rather than collecting them into a list of benefits.

When it is recited

Istighfar has no fixed hour — it is a phrase, and a phrase can be said at any time. The sources do, however, mark a few moments.

After the prayer. Thawbān reported the Prophet’s ﷺ practice on finishing the ṣalāh:

When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ finished his prayer, he begged forgiveness three times and said: “O Allah! You are Peace, and peace comes from You…”
Thawbān · Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 591

By day or by night. The reward stated for sayyid al-istighfār in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 6306 is framed around those two windows — said during the day, or said at night — which is why it is commonly kept as a morning and evening supplication.

Before dawn. Among the qualities the Qur’an praises is seeking forgiveness in the last hours of the night:

وَٱلْمُسْتَغْفِرِينَ بِٱلْأَسْحَارِ
…and those who seek forgiveness before dawn.
Qur’an — Sūrat Āl ʿImrān 3:17

Beyond these, the sources cited on this page do not fix particular times, and this page does not invent any. The general instruction in the narrations is quantity and regularity rather than scheduling — which, in practice, means the moment you notice the need for it.

Questions people ask

What does astaghfirullah mean?

Astaghfirullah means “I seek forgiveness from Allah.” It is built on the Arabic root gh–f–r — to cover, to shield, to forgive — placed in the pattern istafʿala, which turns a root into a request. So the word is literally a request that Allah cover and forgive a fault.

How many times a day should you say astaghfirullah?

The Sunnah gives two figures rather than a rule. Abū Hurayra narrated that the Prophet ﷺ said he sought Allah’s forgiveness and repented more than seventy times a day (Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 6307), and al-Agharr al-Muzanī narrated that he said he sought forgiveness a hundred times a day (Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 2702a). Many people take a hundred as a daily figure for that reason.

What is the best form of istighfar?

The Prophet ﷺ called one supplication sayyid al-istighfār — the master of seeking forgiveness — and it is reported in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 6306. Beyond that, the sources do not rank the shorter forms against each other. The plain phrase astaghfirullah is the one most people keep on the tongue through the day.

What is Sayyid al-Istighfar?

Sayyid al-Istighfār is the supplication beginning “O Allah, You are my Lord; there is no god but You. You created me and I am Your servant…”, narrated by Shaddād ibn Aws in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 6306. In the same narration the Prophet ﷺ said that whoever says it during the day with firm faith and dies before evening, or says it at night and dies before morning, will be among the people of Paradise.

Is istighfar the same as tawbah?

They are close but not identical. Istighfār is the asking — seeking that a fault be covered and forgiven. Tawbah is the turning back itself. The Qur’an repeatedly pairs them in that order: “Seek forgiveness of your Lord and then repent to Him” (Hūd 11:3 and 11:52). The fuller everyday phrase joins them too: astaghfirullāh wa atūbu ilayh — “I seek forgiveness from Allah and I repent to Him.”

Our sourcing standard

Everything on this page is traced to a source. Qur’anic verses are quoted with their sūrah and verse numbers; the narrations are taken from Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim and cited by their exact numbers, each one read on sunnah.com before it was published here. Where a virtue is mentioned it is the virtue that verse or narration itself states, attributed on the spot rather than gathered into a list of benefits. Popular stories about istighfar that carry no verifiable chain — including the widely circulated account of Imam Ahmad and the baker — are deliberately left out.

Counting your istighfar

Keeping the count is what frees the attention to stay on the words — the same thing tasbih beads were always for. Istighfar is a free istighfar counter and dhikr counter, a digital tasbih for iOS and Android: no ads, no account, no tracking, and it works fully offline. Every formula in its library is one of those quoted above, with Arabic, transliteration, meaning and source.

Get the istighfar counterSee all six formulas